The death toll passed 4,300 as rescuers in Turkey and Syria worked overnight to find more survivors of the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that hit the region early on Monday.

Survivors cried out for help from within mountains of debris as first responders contended with rain and snow.

Seismic activity continued to rattle the region, including another jolt nearly as powerful as the initial quake, with workers carefully pulling away slabs of concrete and reaching for bodies as desperate families waited for news of loved ones.

Tens of thousands who were left homeless in Turkey and Syria faced a night in the cold.

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In the Turkish city of Gaziantep, a provincial capital about 30km from the epicentre, people took refuge in shopping malls, stadiums, mosques and community centres. Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared seven days of national mourning.

US president Joe Biden called Mr Erdogan to express condolences and offer assistance to the Nato ally, with the White House adding it was sending search and rescue teams to support Turkey’s efforts.

The quake, which was located in Turkey’s southeastern province of Kahramanmaras, sent residents of Damascus and Beirut rushing into the street and was felt as far away as Cairo.

Tremors were also felt in Lebanon, Greece, Israel, Iraq and the island of Cyprus.

On the Syrian side, the area is divided between government-controlled territory and the country’s last opposition-held enclave, which is surrounded by Russian-backed government forces. Turkey, meanwhile, is home to millions of refugees from the civil war.

In the rebel-held enclave, hundreds of families remained trapped in rubble, the opposition emergency organisation known as the White Helmets said in a statement.

The area is packed with some 4 million people displaced from other parts of the country by the war. Many live in buildings that are already wrecked from military bombardments.

Strained medical centres quickly filled with injured people, rescue workers said. Some facilities had to be emptied, including a maternity hospital, according to the Sams medical organisation.

More than 7,800 people were rescued across 10 provinces, according to Orhan Tatar, an official with Turkey’s disaster management authority.

The region sits on top of major fault lines and is frequently shaken by earthquakes. Some 18,000 were killed in similarly powerful earthquakes that hit northwest Turkey in 1999.

The US Geological Survey measured Monday’s quake at 7.8, with a depth of 17km. Hours later, a 7.5 magnitude temblor, likely triggered by the first, struck more than 95km away.

The second jolt caused a multi-storey apartment building in the Turkish city of Sanliurfa to topple on to the street in a cloud of dust as bystanders screamed, according to video of the scene.

Thousands of buildings were reported collapsed in a wide area extending from Syria’s cities of Aleppo and Hama to Turkey’s Diyarbakir, more than 320km to the northeast.

In Turkey alone, more than 5,600 buildings were destroyed, authorities said. Hospitals were damaged, and one collapsed in the city of Iskenderun.

Offers of help – from search and rescue teams to medical supplies and money – poured in from dozens of countries, as well as the European Union and Nato.

The vast majority were for Turkey, with a Russian and even an Israeli promise of help to the Syrian government, but it was not clear if any would go to the devastated rebel-held pocket in the northwest.

The opposition’s Syrian civil defence described the situation in the enclave as “disastrous”.

The opposition-held area, located on the province of Idlib, has been under siege for years, with frequent Russian and government air strikes.

The territory depends on a flow of aid from Turkey for everything from food to medical supplies. – AP/Guardian